许多中国留学生学生由于对学术论文代写的了解不足,对于自己写作的盲目自信,在大学的第一篇论文很容易失利,并且要花费大量时间去搞明白、去适应大学的学术写作要求。否则due来临逼得留学生只得选择代写完成。今天小编为大家分享一些关于学术论文写作的重要知识,帮助大家提前理解大学写作的要求。 留学生学术论文写作 留学生学术论文写作 1、学术论文写作是为了什么? 有一件事一定要搞清楚:学术写作的目的何在?很多人看到“学术”这两个字会心里发怵,感觉似乎是和自己没什么关系的事情,遥不可及,高高在上。实际上,所谓的学术,就是按照某个或某些学科的要求,对于某类问题做研究。有些研究可能涉及到非常复杂的术语、理论和研究方法,但是也有许多研究非常亲民,不论是研究内容还是写作语言都很平实。不论是哪一类学术研究,都可能非常优秀。 同理,优秀的学术写作也不一定要晦涩难懂才可以;实际上,和其他任何一类写作一样,学术写作的目的就是把事情说清楚,只不过这个说明对象是一个研究课题而已;学术写作的目标观众也不是已经明白一切的专家教授,而是一个对该学科有大致了解的人。因此,留学生在学术论文写作的过程中,除非遇到一些无法避免的艰涩理论和词汇,一定要保证自己的语言和逻辑清晰易懂。 例如Homi Bhabha,在后殖民主义文学文化研究方面堪称第一人,虽然曾提出重要的学术概念,如Hybridity,Third Space,Mimicry,Stereotype等等,但却常因其逻辑前后不一致以及概念过于生涩而广遭诟病。比如在”The Commitment to Theory”一文中,经常出现这种长度的多重嵌套从句: “Between what is represented as the‘larceny’and distortion of European‘metatheorizing’and the radical,engaged,activist experience of Third World creativity,one can see the mirror image(albeit reversed in content and intention)of that ahistorical nineteenth-century polarity of Orient and Occident which,in the name of progress,unleashed the exclusionary imperialist ideologies of self and other.” 同样在后殖民主义文化研究中的先驱,Stuart Hall,就在著名的“New Ethnicities”一文中,采用了非常平实的语言,让非常深刻的概念变得易于理解: “New Ethnicities”节选 “New Ethnicities”节选 2、学术论文写作的结构与格式 留学生学术论文写作并没有固定的格式。这句话可能会颠覆很多人对于学术写作的认知,然而实际上,学术写作的格式一是要根据不同学科的要求来调整,二是要根据写作任务的长短来调整,三是要根据写作本身的目的来调整,最后,根据写作内容的不同,在格式上可能会有许多灵活的改变。比如一篇大约3000字的essay,再去做很长的literature review,或者是做一些小标题,很多时候都是没有必要的,而且还会无谓地浪费字数;与之相反,上万字的thesis则需要拨出很多空间来介绍相关研究和自己的背景。 不过,学术写作也需要符合很多托福以及SAT写作中提出的要求,比如一个纲领性的开头,主题句或主题段,总结全文的结尾部分,都是学术写作中必不可少的部分。然而,这些部分本身要采取什么样的结构与格式、长短如何,其实都是有很大的自由度的,也是要视情况而定的。美国著名作家与文化学者Susan Sontag的学术写作就以其语句活泼又犀利而闻名。比如著名的”Regarding the Torture of Others”就是这样的典范,曾于2004年5月3日发表在纽约时报: 纽约时报节选 纽约时报节选 可以看到,学术写作和很多人想象得不同,其格式要求并不是特别的固定,语言本身也可以非常朴实易懂,甚至可以把它看作一个稍受限制的创意写作(creative writing),使得作者可以用最合适的形式来最好地展现想表达的内容。
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